Matter- All matter has properties. The properties can be physical or chemical. Physical CAN be observed or measured without changing the makeup of the substance. Both physical and chemical properties are classified as either intensive or extensive properties. Extensive depends on the amount of matter that is measured. Mass, weight, and volume are some examples. Intensive DO NOT depend on the amount of matter measured. Therefore, the properties will not change even if the matter is changed. Matter can be a solid, liquid, or gas. Matter may occur as Heterogeneous or Homogenous. It then can be separated by physical means forming a pure substance or solution. Matter can be separated into a compound or an element by chemical means.
Atomic Structure- The basic unit of all matter is the atom. All atoms are made of three types of particles; protons, neutrons, and electrons. The proton is used to identify an atom. Protons are found in the nucleus of atoms having a positive charge. The neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom having a neutral charge. Electrons have a negative charge and occupy different energy levels in the orbit around the nucleus. A atom can gain or lose electrons to become an ion. There are two electrons found in the first energy level. Eight electrons in the second level. Eight-teen in the third level and thirty-two found in the fourth level.
![Picture](/uploads/4/3/9/5/43950985/462240093.png?179)
Atomic Structure Rules
1. Number of protons is the same as Atomic number
2. Number of electrons is the same as protons
3. Number of Neutrons is the same as Atomic mass which is the same as Atomic number
4. Atomic number is the same the number of protons
Atomic mass should be given
More protons: Charge is positive
More electrons: Charge is negative
Equal protons and electrons: Charge is neutral
Changing number of protons- new element
Changing number of electrons- becomes an ion
Changing number of neutrons- changes positive or negative charge
Valence electrons- Outer electron cloud; involved in bonding
1. Number of protons is the same as Atomic number
2. Number of electrons is the same as protons
3. Number of Neutrons is the same as Atomic mass which is the same as Atomic number
4. Atomic number is the same the number of protons
Atomic mass should be given
More protons: Charge is positive
More electrons: Charge is negative
Equal protons and electrons: Charge is neutral
Changing number of protons- new element
Changing number of electrons- becomes an ion
Changing number of neutrons- changes positive or negative charge
Valence electrons- Outer electron cloud; involved in bonding
Pictures sources for this page: http://www.wpclipart.com/energy/atom/atomic_structure.png.html
http://www.differencebetween.info/difference-between-atomic-mass-and-atomic-number, http://www.chem4kids.com/files/art/matter-states-03.png
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/art/atom-struct-01.png
http://www.differencebetween.info/difference-between-atomic-mass-and-atomic-number, http://www.chem4kids.com/files/art/matter-states-03.png
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/art/atom-struct-01.png